|
Findhorn Ecovillage is an experimental architectural community project based at The Park, in Moray, Scotland, near the village of Findhorn.〔Local relations between the Findhorn Foundation and the village of Findhorn have occasionally foundered over inconsiderate use of the word 'Findhorn' to mean either the former or the Ecovillage. See for example Walker (1994), Talk:Findhorn Foundation and also Findhorn (disambiguation).〕 The project's main aim is to demonstrate a sustainable development in environmental, social, and economic terms. Work began in the early 1980s under the auspices of the Findhorn Foundation but now includes a wide diversity of organisations and activities.〔Lovie, R. et al. (2005) ''Moray Sustainability Handbook.'' Keith. REAP.〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Findhorn Foundation )〕 Numerous different ecological techniques are in use, and the project has won a variety of awards, including the UN-Habitat Best Practice Designation in 1998.〔Burns, B. et al. (2006) ''CIFAL Findhorn''. Findhorn Foundation.〕 A recent independent study〔Tinsley, S. and George, H. (2006) ''Ecological Footprint of the Findhorn Foundation and Community.'' Moray. Sustainable Development Research Centre, UHI Millennium Institute.〕 concludes that the residents have the lowest ecological footprint of any community measured so far in the industrialised world and is also half of the UK average. Although the project has attracted some controversy, the growing profile of environmental issues such as climate change has led to a degree of mainstream acceptance of its ecological ethos.〔Stern, Sir Nicholas. (2006) ''The Economics of Climate Change''. London. HM Treasury. ISBN 0-521-70080-9〕〔''An Inconvenient Truth'' (2006) Directed by Davis Guggenheim and starring Al Gore. Paramount Classics.〕〔Cavendish, C. (31st October 2006) ''The only debate left on carbon emissions is political.'' London. The Times newspaper.〕 ==Beginnings== The October 1982 Conference ‘Building a Planetary Village’〔Scott, M. (2005) ''A Living Record of the Findhorn Community''. Findhorn Foundation.〕 hosted by the Findhorn Foundation marked the beginning of serious attempts by the intentional community, which had existed at Findhorn since 1962〔Riddell, C. (1990) ''The Findhorn Community: Creating a Human Identity for the 21st Century''. Findhorn Press.〕 to demonstrate a human settlement that could be considered sustainable in environmental, social, and economic terms.〔McLaughlin, C. and Davidson, G. (1986) ''Builders of the Dawn: Community Lifestyles in a Changing World.'' Sirius.〕 The term ‘ecovillage’ later came to be used to describe such experiments and in 1995 the first international conference of ecovillages, ''Ecovillages and Sustainable Communities for the 21st Century'', was held in Findhorn.〔Dawson, J. (2006) ''Ecovillages: New Frontiers for Sustainability''. Totnes. Green Books. According to this source 400 people attended the conference and a further 300 were turned away.〕 At first almost all of the activities this involved, such as eco-house construction, a 75 kW Vestas wind turbine and an ecological waste water treatment system were undertaken by the Findhorn Foundation itself, or its trading company New Findhorn Directions Ltd.〔Walker, Alex (Ed). (1994). ''The Kingdom Within: A Guide to the Spiritual Work of the Findhorn Community''. Findhorn Press.〕 However, from 1990 onwards a growing number of independent charities, businesses, small sister communities, independent practitioners and community bodies have grown up and significantly extended the size and diversity of ecological projects,〔( EcoVillage Findhorn ).〕〔Metcalf, B. (2004) ''The Findhorn Book of Community Living''. Findhorn Press.〕〔Pewters, V. and Stengel, M. (eds. (2005) ''Eurotopia: Directory of Intentional Communities and Ecovillages in Europe''. Bandua. Okodorf Sieben Linden.〕 some of which are listed below. As of 2005 the Ecovillage has around 450 members centred around The Park (the main campus on the southern edge of Findhorn), but also based at numerous locations in the nearby town of Forres and elsewhere in Moray. The project supports approximately 300 jobs in the Findhorn/Forres area and provides a total aggregate economic impact in excess of £5 million per annum in the Highlands of Scotland as a whole.〔Burns, B. Westbrook, S. et al. (2003) ''Findhorn Foundation Impact Assessment''. HIE Moray.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Findhorn Ecovillage」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|